This music is played at social functions as a sort of background music. Rugged terrain, poor soils, and low population density characterize the area as a whole, but the northwestern valleys are fertile and well settled.[142]. In the west of the country, these lowlands consist of a broad, hot, fertile plain. [194] As a result of increased tourism, Nicaragua has seen its foreign direct investment increase by 79.1% from 2007 to 2009.[200]. Nicaragua is home to a rich variety of plants and animals. Estados Unidos, situada en América del Norte, tiene una superficie de 9.831.510 Km 2, así pues, es uno de los países más grandes del mundo.. Estados Unidos, con una población de 332.183.000 personas, es uno de los países más poblados del mundo 34 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Ciudad de Washington y su moneda Dólares USA. [40] That year, the conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba founded two of Nicaragua's main cities: Granada on Lake Nicaragua, and then León, west of Lake Managua. [195] The growth in tourism has also positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. [233] In 1979, Miguel D'Escoto Brockman, a priest who had embraced Liberation Theology, served in the government as foreign minister when the Sandinistas came to power. Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English. China es la segunda economia del mundo por … [90] The Contras operated from camps in the neighboring countries of Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The first is that the name was coined by Spanish colonists based on the name Nicarao,[20] who was the chieftain or cacique of a powerful indigenous tribe encountered by the Spanish conquistador Gil González Dávila during his entry into southwestern Nicaragua in 1522. Other kinds of Protestant and other Christian denominations were introduced to the rest of Nicaragua during the 19th century. [22][23][24][25], The second theory is that the country's name comes from any of the following Nahuatl words: nic-anahuac, which meant "Anahuac reached this far", or "the Nahuas came this far", or "those who come from Anahuac came this far"; nican-nahua, which meant "here are the Nahuas"; or nic-atl-nahuac, which meant "here by the water" or "surrounded by water". [142], Most of the Pacific zone is tierra caliente, the "hot land" of tropical Spanish America at elevations under 610 metres (2,000 ft). [255] Nevertheless, discrimination against LGBTQ individuals is common, particularly in housing, education, and the workplace. Cuzan, Alfred G. (Summer 1994) Letter, Commentary, December 1985 and "The Latin American Studies Association vs. the United States," Academic Questions. The dance style in cities focuses primarily on more sophisticated footwork in addition to movement and turns. The low plains of the Atlantic Coast are 97 km (60 mi) wide in areas. En 2021 las importaciones en Colombia crecieron un 35,69% 40,5% respecto al año anterior. [20][21][26][27], Paleo-Americans first inhabited what is now known as Nicaragua as far back as 12,000 BCE. Venezuela, situada en América del Sur, tiene una superficie de 912.050 Km 2.. Venezuela, con una población de 28.704.947 personas, se encuentra en la posición 50 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y presenta una moderada densidad de población, 31 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Caracas y su moneda Bolívares. Las compras al exterior representan el 29,01% de su PIB, por lo que se encuentra en el puesto 80, de 192 países, del ranking de importaciones respecto al PIB, ordenado de menor a mayor porcentaje.. Las importaciones supusieron ese año 77.657,9 millones de euros 91.846 … [52] Military forces from Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua itself united to drive Walker out of Nicaragua in 1857,[53][54][55] bringing three decades of Conservative rule. About 9% of Nicaragua's population is black and mainly resides on the country's Caribbean (or Atlantic) coast. English is still predominant in this region and spoken domestically along with Spanish and indigenous languages. This large rainforest region is irrigated by several large rivers and is sparsely populated. Tango has also surfaced recently in cultural cities and ballroom dance occasions. Executive power is exercised by the government. Linguists have attempted to document and revitalize the language over the past three decades. [110] During the war between the Contras and the Sandinistas, 30,000 people were killed. [123][124] Ortega was reported by Nicaraguan election officials as having received 72% of the vote. Also present is a small Middle Eastern-Nicaraguan community of Syrians, Armenians, Jewish Nicaraguans, and Lebanese people in Nicaragua. Perú, situada en América del Sur, tiene una superficie de 1.285.220 Km2, por lo que puede considerarse un país grande.Perú, con una población de 33.359.416 personas, se encuentra en la posición 44 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y presenta una moderada densidad de población, 26 habitantes por Km2. Todas las noticias sobre Venezuela publicadas en EL PAÍS. [173] In 2007, Nicaragua's economy was labelled "62.7% free" by the conservative think tank Heritage Foundation, with high levels of fiscal, government, labor, investment, financial, and trade freedom. [citation needed], Nicaragua's tropical east coast is very different from the rest of the country. [94] The court also found that the U.S. encouraged acts contrary to humanitarian law by producing the manual Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare and disseminating it to the Contras. The black population is mostly composed of black English-speaking Creoles who are the descendants of escaped or shipwrecked slaves; many carry the name of Scottish settlers who brought slaves with them, such as Campbell, Gordon, Downs, and Hodgson. They produce enough surplus, beyond their personal needs, to allow them to participate in the national and world markets. Marines.[61]. : Primeras Aproximaciones", Nicaraguan Americans—History, Indigenous Societies, Colonial Period, Independence, Modern Era, "Aqui Nicaragua Documentary, Program by Carlos Fernando Chamorro. After leaving the Presidential House, Sandino's car was stopped by National Guard soldiers and they kidnapped him. ", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100", "Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations", "Genomic Components in America's demography", "VIII Censo de Poblacion y IV de Vivienda", Migration Information Source – El Salvador: Despite End to Civil War, Emigration Continues, "Vestiges of Ancient Indigenous Language Still Found Today in Matagalpa's Northern Highlands", "¿La Costa Pacífica de América Central y América del sur Como Zona de Difusión Lexical? National Review v. 42", "El Sandinista Daniel Ortega se convierte de nuevo en presidente de Nicaragua", "U.S. fears comeback of an old foe in Nicaragua", "Nicaraguan President Signs Abortion Ban", "Bolaños Will Move To The National Assembly After All", "Nicaragua's Revolution Heads Toward Dictatorship", "As Nicaragua's Election Draws Near, Concerns Grow Over Abuse of Power", "OAS Mission in Nicaragua Recommends Integral Electoral Reform", "Nicaragua's Ortega re-elected president", "Los muertos de la represión que Daniel Ortega oculta", "Nicaragua Withdraws Social Security Changes That Sparked Unrest", "In Nicaragua, the political battle is moving from the streets to the negotiating table", "CIDH condena nuevos hechos de violencia en Nicaragua", "Nicaraguan protesters call on Ortega to go", "Why isn't Nicaragua in the Paris agreement? Nicaragua has made efforts to become less dependent on fossil fuels, and it expects to acquire 90% of its energy from renewable resources by 2020. The Nicaraguan Armed Forces consist of various military contingents. The eruptions of western Nicaragua's 40 volcanoes, many of which are still active, have sometimes devastated settlements but also have enriched the land with layers of fertile ash. En 2021 España registró un déficit en su Balanza comercial de 30.955,5 millones de euros 33.750,7 millones de dolares, un 2,57% de su PIB, superior al registrado en 2020, que fue de 15.694,4 millones de euros 17.997,9 millones de dolares, el 1,4% del PIB.. La variación de la Balanza comercial se ha debido a un incremento de las importaciones superior al de las … On the Pacific side of Nicaragua are the two largest fresh water lakes in Central America—Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua. In the Caribbean coast, locals from Bluefields were taught how to play baseball in 1888 by Albert Addlesberg, a retailer from the United States. The age to serve in the armed forces is 17 and conscription is not imminent. Lake Nicaragua is the largest freshwater lake in Central America (20th largest in the world),[140] and is home to some of the world's rare freshwater sharks (Nicaraguan shark). The mishandling of relief money also prompted Pittsburgh Pirates star Roberto Clemente to personally fly to Managua on December 31, 1972, but he died en route in an airplane accident. [citation needed] According to a recent US Department of State report, corruption is endemic, especially within law enforcement and the judiciary, and arbitrary arrests, torture, and harsh prison conditions are the norm. [240][241], Although Nicaragua's health outcomes have improved over the past few decades with the efficient utilization of resources relative to other Central American nations, healthcare in Nicaragua still confronts challenges responding to its populations' diverse healthcare needs. [190] The project was scheduled to begin construction in December 2014,[191] however the Nicaragua Canal has yet to be started. REGLAS Generales de Comercio Exterior para 2022 ... [sistema a través del cual el SAT controla y vigila los saldos de las importaciones temporales ... El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua. Birn AE, Zimmerman S, Garfield R. (2000). [33] Many indigenous people were killed by European infectious diseases, compounded by neglect by the Spaniards, who controlled their subsistence. Religious freedom, which has been guaranteed since 1939, and religious tolerance are officially promoted by the government and the constitution, but in recent years the Catholic Church and the regime led by Daniel Ortega have been in open conflict, with the latter being accused of using the police to harass clergy and bishops,[232] closing down Catholic media outlets, and even arresting a dozen members of the clergy, including Bishop Rolando Alvarez, of the Diocese of Matagalpa. 14. [133][134] Nicaragua initially chose not to join the Paris Climate Accord because it felt that "much more action is required" by individual countries on restricting global temperature rise. The diaspora has seen Nicaraguans settling around in smaller communities in other parts of the world, particularly Western Europe. [209] A Japanese research of "Genomic Components in America's demography" demonstrated that, on average, the ancestry of Nicaraguans is 58–62% European, 28% Native American, and 14% African, with a very small Near Eastern contribution. These include wildlife refuges and nature reserves that shelter a wide range of ecosystems. En 2021 las importaciones en Perú crecieron un 35,84% 40,66% respecto al año anterior. A system of private schools exists, many of which are religiously affiliated and often have more robust English programs. [139] Geophysically, Nicaragua is surrounded by the Caribbean Plate, an oceanic tectonic plate underlying Central America and the Cocos Plate. It has been heavily exploited, but much natural diversity remains. [161], Nicaragua is the safest country in Central America and one of the safest in Latin America, according to the United Nations Development Program, with a homicide rate of 8.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. It reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions - reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity.[256]. With various influences, the form of salsa dancing varies in Nicaragua. [25][41][42] González Dávila conversed with Macuilmiquiztli thanks to two indigenous interpreters who had learned Spanish, whom he had brought along. Around the area's principal city of Bluefields, English is widely spoken along with the official Spanish. The Pacific coast has strong folklore, music and religious traditions, deeply influenced by Europeans. In 2014 the National Assembly approved changes to the constitution allowing Ortega to run for a third successive term. [157][158], Since Daniel Ortega's election in 2006, liberal democratic norms and individual rights in practice have deteriorated. In 2005 it was recognized by UNESCO as "a patrimony of humanity". Legislative power is vested in both the government and the national assembly. The Nicaraguan jungles, which represent about 9,700 square kilometres (2.4 million acres), are considered the lungs of Central America and comprise the second largest-sized rainforest of the Americas. [57][58], U.S. Marines occupied Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933,[29]: 111, 197 [59] except for a nine-month period beginning in 1925. Nicaragua's multiethnic population of six million includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European and African heritage. In particular, families from Germany, Italy, Spain, France and Belgium immigrated to Nicaragua, particularly the departments in the Central and Pacific region. According to a 2014 research published in the journal Genetics and Molecular Biology, European ancestry predominates in 69% of Nicaraguans, followed by African ancestry in 20%, and lastly indigenous ancestry in 11%. Baseball was introduced to Nicaragua during the 19th century. The Chinese Nicaraguan population is estimated at 12,000. Every year about 60,000 U.S. citizens visit Nicaragua, primarily business people, tourists, and those visiting relatives. Ortega vowed he would govern desde abajo (from below). The majority of tourists who visit Nicaragua are from the U.S., Central or South America, and Europe. The region of great forests is located on the eastern side of the country. Actualmente la economía costarricense se basa en una estructura mixta y bastante diversificada, con fuertes inversiones en el sector de servicios y, en menor medida, agrícolas.. Continúan siendo importantes los ingresos por exportaciones de Costa Rica que proceden de productos agrícolas tradicionales, como lo son el banano, el café, el azúcar, el cacao y la piña. Equity, Access to Health Care Services and Expenditures on Health in Nicaragua. Nicaraguan music is a mixture of indigenous and Spanish influences. [68] The Somoza family came to power as part of a U.S.-engineered pact in 1927 that stipulated the formation of the Guardia Nacional to replace the marines who had long reigned in the country. There is a growing expatriate community,[214] the majority of whom move for business, investment or retirement from across the world, such as from the US, Canada, Taiwan, and European countries; the majority have settled in Managua, Granada and San Juan del Sur. [164][165][166] Its gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2008 was estimated at US$17.37 billion. Nicaraguan culture can further be defined in several distinct strands. Hace permanente los beneficios para el 80% de productos centroamericanos … [244], The adult literacy rate in 2005 was 78.0%. The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua is known for a lively, sensual form of dance music called Palo de Mayo which is popular throughout the country. The Pacific coast's main staple revolves around local fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast cuisine makes use of seafood and the coconut. [101], In the Nicaraguan general elections of 1984, which were judged by at least one visiting 30-person delegation of NGO representatives to have been free and fair,[102] the Sandinistas won the parliamentary election and their leader Daniel Ortega won the presidential election. [118], Before the general elections on November 5, 2006, the National Assembly passed a bill further restricting abortion in Nicaragua. Catholic bishops are expected to lend their authority to important state occasions, and their pronouncements on national issues are closely followed. Desde esta página puede acceder a los principales indicadores económicos, demográficos y financieros de los distintos países y ver su evolución. Nicaragua definitively became an independent republic in 1838.[49]. [142] Cassava, a root crop somewhat similar to the potato, is an important food in tropical regions. [246] As of 1979, the educational system was one of the poorest in Latin America. Políticamente se divide en siete países independientes: Guatemala, Belice, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá. España, situada en el sur de Europa, tiene una superficie de 505.970 Km 2.. España, con una población de 47.615.034 personas, se encuentra en la posición 30 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y presenta una moderada densidad de población, 94 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Madrid y su moneda Euros. [76][77] Even the economic elite were reluctant to support Somoza, as he had acquired monopolies in industries that were key to rebuilding the nation. [150], A great variety of birds can be observed including eagles, toucans, parakeets and macaws. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. Maize is also an ingredient for drinks such as pinolillo and chicha as well as sweets and desserts. Ports and Waterways...", "US Policy: Economic Embargo: The War Goes On", "OAS Study Says Miskito Indians Suffered Abuse From Sandinistas", "NICARAGUAN VOTE:'FREE, FAIR, HOTLY CONTESTED', "1984: Sandinistas claim election victory", "KEY AIDES DISPUTE U.S. ROLE IN NICARAGUAN VOTE", "The Nicaraguan Tangle: Another Exchange,", "Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), International Court of Justice, Order of 26 september 1991", The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946–2008, Version 3.0: Documentation of Coding Decisions, "Ortega's Comeback Schemes Roil Nicaragua", "Was February 25 a 'triumph'? [111], In the Nicaraguan general election, 1990, a coalition of anti-Sandinista parties (from the left and right of the political spectrum) led by Violeta Chamorro, the widow of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, defeated the Sandinistas. [198] Some 5,300 people from the U.S. reside in Nicaragua. The "lower" peasants are typically smallholders without sufficient land to sustain a family; they also join the harvest labor force. [242], The Nicaraguan government guarantees universal free health care for its citizens. The high point of Nicaragua's religious calendar for the masses is neither Christmas nor Easter, but La Purísima, a week of festivities in early December dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, during which elaborate altars to the Virgin Mary are constructed in homes and workplaces. Local independent press organizations had documented at least 19 dead and over 100 missing in the ensuing conflict. [45], Without women in their parties,[32]: 123  the Spanish conquerors took Nahua and Chorotega wives and partners, beginning the multiethnic mix of indigenous and European stock now known as "mestizo", which constitutes the great majority of the population in western Nicaragua. [95] The manual, among other things, advised on how to rationalize killings of civilians. amplía todo el mes de enero el Pago Anual Anticipado 2023, con tarifas 2022. Fue la primera mujer en el continente americano en ser electa al cargo de presidenta de la República. [226] Nicaraguan Sign Language emerged in the 1970s and 1980s among deaf children as the first special education schools brought them together, and its emergence became of particular interest to linguists as an opportunity to directly observe the creation of a language. On September 29, 1956,[73] Somoza García was shot to death by Rigoberto López Pérez, a 27-year-old Liberal Nicaraguan poet. [21] However, as of 2002, it was determined that the cacique's real name was Macuilmiquiztli, which meant "Five Deaths" in the Nahuatl language, rather than Nicarao. Its extensive forests, rivers and geography are suited for ecotourism. While some are foreign-owned, others are owned by local families. In Asia, Japan hosts a small Nicaraguan community. [149], The municipalities of Siuna, Rosita, and Bonanza, known as the "Mining Triangle", are located in the region known as the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, in the Caribbean lowlands. [81], On January 10, 1978, Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, the editor of the national newspaper La Prensa and ardent opponent of Somoza, was assassinated. [122], In November 2016, Ortega was elected for his third consecutive term (his fourth overall). [60] After the U.S. Marines left, another violent conflict between Liberals and Conservatives in 1926, resulted in the return of U.S. Restrictions are being placed on lumbering due to increased environmental concerns about destruction of the rain forests. The Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve was created by the eruption of the Apoyo Volcano about 23,000 years ago, which left a huge 7 km-wide crater that gradually filled with water. [269] The country has had world champions such as Alexis Argüello and Ricardo Mayorga as well as Román González. [126] A reporter from NPR spoke to protestors who explained that while the initial issue was about the pension reform, the uprisings that spread across the country reflected many grievances about the government's time in office, and that the fight is for President Ortega and his vice president wife to step down. [220] There is a smaller number of Garifuna, a people of mixed West African, Carib and Arawak descent. For example, it was until recently impossible to travel all the way by highway from Managua to the Caribbean coast. After the U.S. Marines withdrew from Nicaragua in January 1933, Sandino and the newly elected administration of President Juan Bautista Sacasa reached an agreement that Sandino would cease his guerrilla activities in return for amnesty, a land grant for an agricultural colony, and retention of an armed band of 100 men for a year. Good soils and a favourable climate combine to make western Nicaragua the country's economic and demographic centre. It came to Nicaragua in the 16th century with the Spanish conquest and remained, until 1939, the established faith. Workers in the informal sector are self-employed, unsalaried family workers or employees of small-enterprises, and they are generally poor. [270], Nicaragua's national basketball team had some recent success as it won the silver medal at the 2017 Central American Games. The mixture of cultural traditions has generated substantial diversity in folklore, cuisine, music, and literature, particularly the latter, given the literary contributions of Nicaraguan poets and writers such as Rubén Darío. The myths and oral literature formed the cosmogenic view of the world of the indigenous people. Chile, situada en América del Sur, tiene una superficie de 756.700 Km 2.. Chile, con una población de 19.212.362 personas, se encuentra en la posición 62 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y presenta una moderada densidad de población, 25 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Santiago y su moneda Pesos chilenos. Unlike on the west coast, the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean coast have maintained distinct identities, and some still speak their native languages as first languages. Managua is the country's capital and largest city. To decentralize or not to decentralize, is that the question? Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. A considerable amount of Bachata dancing influence comes from Nicaraguans living abroad, in cities that include Miami, Los Angeles and, to a much lesser extent, New York City. The early years of independence were characterized by rivalry between the Liberal elite of León and the Conservative elite of Granada, which often degenerated into civil war, particularly during the 1840s and 1850s. [29]: 35  Córdoba's tomb and remains were discovered in 2000 in the ruins of León Viejo. [38]: 159  Additionally, there were trade-related colonies in Nicaragua set up by the Aztecs starting in the 14th century. Nicaragua has an army, navy and an air force. [243] However, limitations of current delivery models and unequal distribution of resources and medical personnel contribute to the persistent lack of quality care in more remote areas of Nicaragua, especially among rural communities in the Central and Atlantic region. [247] One of the first acts of the newly elected Sandinista government in 1980 was an extensive and successful literacy campaign, using secondary school students, university students and teachers as volunteer teachers: it reduced the overall illiteracy rate from 50.3% to 12.9% within only five months. The southwestern shore of Lake Nicaragua lies within 24 kilometres (15 mi) of the Pacific Ocean. Las compras al exterior representan el 19,45% de su PIB, por lo que se encuentra en el puesto 37, de 192 países, del ranking de importaciones respecto al PIB, ordenado de menor a mayor porcentaje.. Las importaciones supusieron ese año 51.662,6 millones de euros 61.101,4 … El Banco Central de Nicaragua informó en noviembre que, durante los primero 9 meses de 2022, las exportaciones a China fueron de apenas 11.3 millones de dólares y las importaciones rebasaron los 798 millones. [144][145][146][147], In addition to its beach and resort communities, the Pacific lowlands contains most of Nicaragua's Spanish colonial architecture and artifacts. [29]: 35 [32]: 92  There he encountered an indigenous Nahua tribe led by chief Macuilmiquiztli, whose name has sometimes been erroneously referred to as "Nicarao" or "Nicaragua". Independent observers were barred from the polls. Several historians have criticized the Contra campaign and the Reagan administration's support for the Contras, citing the brutality and numerous human rights violations of the Contras. [233], Buddhism has increased with a steady influx of immigration. There is an East Asian community mostly consisting of Chinese. [98][99] The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights investigated abuses by Sandinista forces, including an execution of 35 to 40 Miskitos in December 1981,[100] and an execution of 75 people in November 1984.
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